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Table 1 Characteristics of the respondents included in this study

From: Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Malaysian adults

CharacteristicsNHMS 2006(N = 56,710)NHMS 2011(N = 28,498)NHMS 2015(N = 29,460)
Strata
 Urban32,734 (57.7%)16,372 (57.4%)16,880 (57.3%)
 Rural23,976 (42.3%)12,126 (42.6%)12,580 (42.7%)
aAge Group
 0–79988 (17.6%)4426 (15.5%)4303 (14.6%)
 8–1712,143 (21.4%)5841 (20.5%)5198 (17.6%)
 18–245587 (9.9%)2893 (10.2%)2733 (9.3%)
 25–347333 (12.9%)3986 (14.0%)4272 (14.5%)
 35–447530 (13.3%)3643 (12.8%)3712 (12.6%)
 45–546618 (11.7%)3482 (12.2%)3766 (12.8%)
 55–644197 (7.4%)2460 (8.6%)3027 (10.3%)
 65+3274 (5.8%)1767 (6.2%)2449 (8.3%)
Gender
 Male26,709 (47.1%)13,757 (48.3%)14,225 (48.3%)
 Female30,001 (52.9%)14,741 (51.7%)15,235 (51.7%)
Ethnicity
 Malays32,493 (57.3%)16,975 (59.6%)18,845 (64.0%)
 Chinese10,251 (18.1%)4944 (17.3%)4284 (14.5%)
 Indian4415 (7.8%)2122 (7.4%)1993 (6.8%)
 Indigenous population of Malaysia7093 (12.5%)2933 (10.3%)2737 (9.3%)
 Others2458 (4.3%)1524 (5.3%)1601 (5.4%)
bPhysical Activities
 Active19,246 (56.7%)12,196 (63.7%)13,872 (67.1%)
 Inactive14,690 (43.3%)6949 (36.3%)6804 (32.9%)
  1. NHMS: National Health Morbidity SurveyEstimates are weighted to be representative of Malaysian population
  2. aindicates missing data of 40 for year 2006
  3. bindicates missing data of 22,774, 10,718 and 8784 for year 2006, 2011 and 2015 respectively